Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the hindleg movements in the cicada Cercopis vulnerata

To clarify questions of surface design, an understanding of the functioning of the complete motion system is required. For this purpose, motion systems are filmed using normal or high-speed cameras then digitised and analysed. The inverse-kinematic model of propulsive leg movements was used to draw the trajectory of the medial surface of the coxa during the jump movement. This trajectory is a cone shaped surface and medially concave. Trajectories of the right and left coxae overlap in their most anterior and most posterior positions. In both extreme positions coxae are presumably connected to each other by coupled microtrichia fields of their medial surfaces. In other words, in the extreme positions both coxae can synchronously be moved together